Knee Pain (ACL Injuries)

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones in the knee joint wears away, leading to bone-on-bone contact and joint pain. Risk factors for developing osteoarthritis include:

• Age
• Obesity
• Joint trauma or previous injuries
• Genetic predisposition

Symptoms of osteoarthritis include:

• Joint pain and stiffness
• Limited range of motion
• Swelling and inflammation

The meniscus is a cartilage pad that acts as a shock absorber between the bones in the knee joint. Meniscus injuries can occur due to trauma, overuse, or degeneration. Symptoms include:

• A popping or tearing sensation at the time of injury
• Severe pain and swelling in the knee
• Difficulty squatting, kneeling, or walking

Runner's knee, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome, is a common overuse injury that affects runners, jumpers, and individuals who engage in activities that involve repetitive knee bending. Symptoms include:

• Pain around the kneecap
• Stiffness and inflammation
• Swelling around the kneecap

The iliotibial band (ITB) is a ligament that runs down the outside of the thigh and attaches to the tibia. ITB friction syndrome occurs when the ITB rubs against the femur, causing pain and inflammation. Symptoms include:

• Pain on the outside of the knee
• Stiffness and tightness in the ITB
• Swelling and inflammation

Osgood Schlatters is a common overuse injury that affects children and adolescents, particularly those involved in sports that involve jumping and running. It occurs when the tendon connecting the kneecap to the tibia becomes inflamed, causing pain and swelling. Symptoms include:

• Pain in the front of the knee, just below the kneecap
• Swelling and inflammation
• Stiffness and limited mobility

Patella tendinopathy, also known as jumper's knee, is a condition that affects the tendon connecting the kneecap to the tibia. It occurs due to repetitive stress and strain on the tendon, causing pain and inflammation. Symptoms include:

• Pain in the front of the knee
• Tenderness and swelling around the tendon
• Painful range of motion

While knee injuries can be painful and debilitating, many can be prevented by taking simple precautions. Some tips for preventing common knee injuries include:

• Stretching and warming up: Always stretch before engaging in physical activity to improve flexibility and reduce the risk of injury.
• Strengthening your muscles: Building strong muscles around the knee joint can help support and stabilise the joint.
• Maintaining a healthy weight: Excess weight can put additional strain on the knee joint, increasing the risk of injury.
• Avoiding overuse: Gradually increase the intensity and duration of your physical activity to avoid overloading the knee