Understanding ACL Injuries: Can They Heal on Their Own?

What is an ACL Injury?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a crucial part of the knee joint, responsible for stabilizing the leg and preventing excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. An ACL injury occurs when the ligament is stretched or torn, often due to sudden stops, rapid changes in direction, or direct impacts to the knee. These injuries are common in athletes who participate in sports that involve jumping, cutting, and pivoting, such as soccer, basketball, and football.
Symptoms of an ACL Injury

• Sudden pain in the knee
• A “popping” sound at the time of injury
• Swelling and inflammation
• Instability or a feeling of the knee “giving way”
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected leg

Can ACL Injuries Heal on Their Own?

Historically, it was believed that ACL tears required surgical intervention to heal properly. However, recent research has suggested that, in certain cases, ACL injuries can heal on their own. Dr. Tom Cross, a sport and exercise physician, has developed a protocol for maximising the healing potential of the ACL without surgery. His protocol involves keeping the knee bent at a 90-degree angle for four weeks after the injury, followed by a gradual release into a more straightened position.

The Dr. Tom Cross Protocol

Dr. Cross’s protocol is based on the hypothesis that at 90 degrees, the knee is in a position that allows the ACL to heal more effectively. This position reduces the stress on the ACL and promotes the formation of new tissue. The protocol involves:

• Rest: Avoid putting weight on the affected leg and rest as much as possible for the first four weeks.
• Bracing: Use a knee brace to keep the knee bent at a 90-degree angle for four weeks.
• Gradual progression: After four weeks, gradually release the knee brace and begin to straighten the leg, taking care not to overstretch the ACL.
• Rehabilitation: Engage in a comprehensive rehabilitation program to strengthen the surrounding muscles and improve knee function.

Surgical Intervention for ACL Injuries

While the Dr. Tom Cross protocol offers a promising alternative to traditional surgical intervention, surgery is still often necessary for more severe ACL injuries. The goal of surgery is to replace the damaged ACL with a new ligament, typically taken from the patient’s own body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft). Surgical intervention can be effective in restoring knee stability and function, but it also carries risks, such as infection, blood clot formation, and potential complications related to anaesthesia.

Conclusion

ACL injuries can be debilitating and challenging to recover from, but recent research has shown that, in some cases, they can heal on their own. Dr. Tom Cross’s protocol offers a non-surgical approach to ACL healing, but it’s essential to consult with a medical professional to determine the best course of action for your specific injury. Whether you opt for surgery or a bracing protocol, a comprehensive rehabilitation program is crucial for restoring knee function and preventing future injuries.